Land surveying is basically an art and science of mapping and measuring land. This is very important, as without this service, railroads or skyscrapers could not have been erected and individuals could not have put fences around their yards to prevent intruding.

Surveying has to do with the determination of the relative spatial location of points on or near the surface of the earth. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring angles between lines, of determining the direction of lines, and of establishing points by predetermined angular and linear measurements. Distances, angles, directions, locations, elevations, areas, and volumes are thus determined from the data of the survey.